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Micropalaeontology reveals the source of building materials for a defensive earthwork (English Civil War?) at Wallingford Castle, Oxfordshire

IAN P. WILKINSON, ALISON TASKER, ANTHONY GOULDWELL, MARK WILLIAMS, MATT EDGEWORTH, JAN ZALASIEWICZ and NEIL CHRISTIE
Journal of Micropalaeontology, 29, 87-92, 1 April 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.29.1.87
IAN P. WILKINSON
1British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
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ALISON TASKER
2Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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ANTHONY GOULDWELL
3School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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MARK WILLIAMS
2Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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  • For correspondence: mri@le.ac.uk
MATT EDGEWORTH
3School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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JAN ZALASIEWICZ
2Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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NEIL CHRISTIE
3School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Abstract

Microfossils recovered from sediment used to construct a putative English Civil War defensive bastion at Wallingford Castle, south Oxfordshire, provide a biostratigraphical age of Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian) basal M. mantelli Biozone. The rock used in the buttress – which may have housed a gun emplacement – can thus be tracked to the Glauconitic Marl Member, base of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation. A supply of this rock is available on the castle site or to the east of the River Thames near Crowmarsh Gifford. Microfossils provide a unique means to provenance construction materials used at the Wallingford site. While serendipity may have been the chief cause for use of the Glauconitic Marl, when compacted, it forms a strong, almost ‘road base’-like foundation that was clearly of use for constructing defensive works. Indeed, use of the Glauconitic Marl was widespread in the area for agricultural purposes and its properties may have been well-known locally.

KEYWORDS:
  • Wallingford
  • Cretaceous
  • provenance
  • foraminifera
  • ostracods
  • © 2010 The Micropalaeontological Society
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Journal of Micropalaeontology: 29 (1)
Journal of Micropalaeontology
Volume 29, Issue 1
April 2010
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Micropalaeontology reveals the source of building materials for a defensive earthwork (English Civil War?) at Wallingford Castle, Oxfordshire

IAN P. WILKINSON, ALISON TASKER, ANTHONY GOULDWELL, MARK WILLIAMS, MATT EDGEWORTH, JAN ZALASIEWICZ and NEIL CHRISTIE
Journal of Micropalaeontology, 29, 87-92, 1 April 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.29.1.87
IAN P. WILKINSON
1British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
ALISON TASKER
2Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • Search for this author on this site
ANTHONY GOULDWELL
3School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
MARK WILLIAMS
2Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: mri@le.ac.uk
MATT EDGEWORTH
3School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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JAN ZALASIEWICZ
2Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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NEIL CHRISTIE
3School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Micropalaeontology reveals the source of building materials for a defensive earthwork (English Civil War?) at Wallingford Castle, Oxfordshire

IAN P. WILKINSON, ALISON TASKER, ANTHONY GOULDWELL, MARK WILLIAMS, MATT EDGEWORTH, JAN ZALASIEWICZ and NEIL CHRISTIE
Journal of Micropalaeontology, 29, 87-92, 1 April 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.29.1.87
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INTRODUCTION
    • ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF THE BASTION
    • BIOSTRATIGRAPHICAL AGE OF SEDIMENT FROM THE BASTION
    • PROVENANCE OF THE BASTION MATERIAL
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
    • APPENDIX A
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